344- The Known Unknown [rebroadcast] | 99% Invisible

Intro

In this episode of “99% Invisible,” titled “The Known Unknown,” the podcast explores the history and significance of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The burial of unidentified soldiers has been a challenge throughout history, and this episode delves into the stories behind these memorials and the efforts to honor and identify the unknown soldiers. It also highlights the personal journey of Patricia Blassie, whose brother’s remains were mistakenly buried in the Tomb of the Unknowns. Through interviews, investigations, and personal accounts, the episode sheds light on the profound impact of these memorials and the ongoing search for truth and remembrance.

Main Takeaways

The Significance of Unknown Soldier Memorials

• Unknown soldier memorials have been created throughout history to honor and remember the countless soldiers who died in wars.
• The burial of unidentified soldiers allows each person to project their own meaning onto the mystery, bringing the tragedy of war down to a human scale.
• The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington Cemetery has become a major tourist attraction and symbolizes the sacrifice of all soldiers.

The Story of Michael Blassie

• Michael Blassie, an Air Force pilot, was mistakenly buried in the Tomb of the Unknowns in 1984.
• His family, unaware of his fate, experienced the emotional toll of not having closure and holding onto hope.
• Investigations and evidence later revealed that the remains in the tomb were likely those of Michael Blassie.

The Evolution of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

• The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier has undergone changes and improvements over time.
• Initially a simple stone slab, it became a more reverent place with the addition of guards and a new, grander tomb.
• The guards at the tomb perform precise movements, creating a meditative and respectful atmosphere.

Summary

The Significance of Unknown Soldier Memorials

Unknown soldier memorials have played a crucial role in honoring and remembering the soldiers who have lost their lives in wars. The idea of burying unidentified soldiers dates back to ancient times, with the Romans using empty sarcophagi and the Union burying soldiers in mass graves during the American Civil War. However, it was during World War One that the concept of the unknown soldier memorial gained prominence. British chaplain David Railton advocated for a grave bearing the body of a single soldier, allowing each person to project their own meaning onto the mystery. In 1920, Britain dedicated the grave of an unknown warrior in Westminster Abbey, which inspired the creation of similar memorials in over 50 countries. The American memorial at Arlington Cemetery is one of the most famous, with a lone guard watching over the tomb day and night. The identity of the unknown soldier remains a mystery, representing everyone who fought in the war.

The Story of Michael Blassie

Michael Blassie, an Air Force pilot, was mistakenly buried in the Tomb of the Unknowns in 1984. Deployed to Vietnam in 1972, he flew numerous combat missions and faced constant danger. His final mission on May 11, 1972, ended tragically when his plane was hit by ground fire and crashed in North Vietnamese territory. Despite efforts to recover his remains, he was declared missing in action and presumed dead. Without a body to place beneath the tombstone, his family opted not to have a funeral, causing strain within the family. In 1994, Patricia Blassie, Michael’s sister, received a call suggesting that her brother’s body was in the Tomb of the Unknowns. After investigations and DNA testing, it was confirmed that the remains in the tomb were indeed those of Michael Blassie. This revelation brought closure to the family and highlighted the challenges and complexities of identifying and honoring the unknown soldiers.

The Evolution of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier has evolved over time, becoming a place of reverence and remembrance. Initially a low stone slab, it was not always treated with the respect it deserved. People would picnic and photographers would set up shop, leading to complaints from veterans. In response, the government posted a guard 24/7 to protect the tomb. In 1931, a new tomb was built with the same marble as the Lincoln Memorial, elevating its status. Over the years, the tomb expanded to include unknown soldiers from World War II, Korea, and other conflicts, solidifying its place as a solemn memorial. The guards at the tomb perform a precise and meditative ceremony, creating an atmosphere of silence and respect. Visitors are requested to maintain silence and respect, and there are even instances of guards reprimanding visitors who break the rules. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier remains a popular tourist spot and a symbol of honor and remembrance.

Conclusion

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier stands as a powerful symbol of sacrifice and remembrance. Unknown soldier memorials have provided a way to honor the countless soldiers who have lost their lives in wars throughout history. The story of Michael Blassie highlights the challenges and complexities of identifying and honoring the unknown soldiers, as well as the impact it has on the families left behind. The evolution of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier showcases the dedication to creating a place of reverence and respect. It remains a popular tourist attraction and a reminder of the profound sacrifices made by soldiers. The guards at the tomb carry out their duty with precision and solemnity, ensuring that the memory of the unknown soldiers lives on.