Ologies with Alie Ward – Pomology (APPLES) with Susan K. Brown

Intro

In this episode of “Ologies with Alie Ward,” host Alie Ward interviews pomologist Susan K. Brown, a professor at Cornell University and leader of the school’s apple breeding program. They delve into the fascinating world of pomology, the study of fruit, with a focus on apples. From the history and breeding of apples to their health benefits and culinary uses, this episode provides a comprehensive exploration of all things apple.

Main Takeaways

Pomology and Apple Breeding

• Pomology is the study of fruit, particularly apples.
• Susan K. Brown is a pomologist and professor at Cornell University.
• She leads the apple breeding program at Cornell.
• Creating a new apple variety is a gratifying but time-consuming process.

Apple History and Festivals

• Apples have a rich history, including being used to make alcohol and being fertilized by animal dung.
• Apples are celebrated in various festivals around the world.
• Johnny Appleseed played a role in spreading apple seeds in the United States.

Apple Varieties and Naming

• There are wild apples and domesticated apples with different taste profiles.
• Snapdragon and Ruby Frost are two apple varieties receiving the most attention currently.
• Naming an apple is challenging due to the large number of names already in use.

Apple Origins and Genetics

• The original origin of apples is in northern China and parts of the Soviet Union.
• Apples traveled along the Silk Road, a network of trade routes.
• Clonal propagation is used to make genetic copies of apple trees.

Apple Traits and Taste Perception

• Apples have complex genetics with interactions between thousands of genes.
• Transposable elements in genetics can lead to new mutations.
• Different people perceive flavor compounds in apples differently.

Summary

Pomology and Apple Breeding

Pomology is the study of fruit, with a particular focus on apples. Susan K. Brown, a pomologist and professor at Cornell University, leads the school’s apple breeding program. Breeding new apple varieties is a time-consuming process that requires patience and experimentation. Brown compares being an apple breeder to being an explorer in an unknown land, discovering new flavors and characteristics.

Apple History and Festivals

Apples have a rich history, from being used to make alcohol to being fertilized by animal dung. They are celebrated in various festivals around the world, showcasing their cultural and culinary significance. Johnny Appleseed played a role in spreading apple seeds in the United States, although planting apple seeds does not result in the same variety of apple due to genetic combinations.

Apple Varieties and Naming

There are wild apples and domesticated apples, each with its own taste profile. Currently, the apple varieties Snapdragon and Ruby Frost are receiving significant attention. Naming an apple can be challenging due to the vast number of names already in use. However, Snapdragon was chosen for its resonance with kids and memorable taglines.

Apple Origins and Genetics

Apples originated in northern China and parts of the Soviet Union. They traveled along the Silk Road, a network of trade routes spanning thousands of miles. To make genetic copies of apple trees, clonal propagation is used, ensuring that each tree is a genetic replica of the original seedling. The original source of apple varieties like Snapdragon is akin to the mitochondrial eve of African origin.

Apple Traits and Taste Perception

Apples have complex genetics, with thousands of genes and interactions between them. Transposable elements, also known as “jumping genes,” can change the expression of genes, leading to new mutations. Different people perceive flavor compounds in apples differently, based on genetics and memories. Sound also plays a role in the perception of crispness in apples.

Conclusion

From the fascinating history and breeding of apples to the intricate genetics and diverse flavors, this episode of “Ologies with Alie Ward” provides a deep dive into the world of pomology. Whether you’re an apple enthusiast or simply curious about the science behind fruit, this episode offers a wealth of knowledge and appreciation for one of nature’s most beloved fruits.